Islam and Great Sectarian Divide - 1098 Words

Bottom of Form * ------------------------------------------------- Brothers at war FOR two sects united by their belief in one Maker, one Book and one Prophet, the amount of blood spilt in the name of their respective faiths by Shias and Sunnis is truly staggering. This is specially so when one considers the tiny differences that define and divide them. Since the earliest days of Islam in the 7th century when the schism first tore the young Muslim community apart, the two sects have been warring incessantly. Untold thousands have been killed over the years, and this internecine war continues to devastate communities and nations. I am not qualified to go into the rights and wrongs of this old conflict. However, as a student†¦show more content†¦Now the shoe is on the other foot, and it is the minority Sunnis under the Shia heel. In Syria, the minority Alewites have ruled since the Seventies. In Sunni Saudi Arabia, the Shias are marginalised. The list goes on, but one thing is clear: both sects harbour deep distrust of each other. Indeed, in a recent Pew Institute survey on attitudes in the Muslim world, only 53 per cent of those surveyed in Pakistan considered Shias to be Muslims. This figure is even lower in several other Muslim countries. There is similar doubt on the other side, with many Shias casting doubt on Sunni beliefs. So clearly, time has only sharpened this schism, rather than healing old wounds. But while more often than not, these tensions are limited to neighbourhoods and nations, the emergence of a Shia theocracy in Iran has taken these differences to a new level. Although mediaeval Islam saw states engaging in sectarian warfare, this tendency was later suppressed in modern times, as we have just discussed. However, although the Iran-Iraq war was fought over territorial claims and counter-claims, overtly sectarian symbolism was deployed by both sides. And when the Americans invaded Iraq in 2003, the ruling Baath Party was ousted, and the minority Sunnis displaced from power. This led to a Shia revival, and a major gain in Iranian influence. Indeed, the US-led campaign was widely viewed in the Middle East asShow MoreRelatedSectarianism in Pakistan5487 Words   |  22 PagesSectarianism in Pakistan INTRODUCTION The decade of the 1990s witnessed a frightening upsurge in the Shia-Sunni sectarian violence in Pakistan, both in terms of scope and intensity. Recently, sectarian strife has engulfed even those areas, which were previously unaffected, largely because of the emergence of organized terrorist groups along sectarian lines. Besides target killings, these groups hit even ordinary members of each other’s sects. The problem, therefore, is no more of an occasional natureRead MoreThe Media And Its Impact On The World1280 Words   |  6 PagesFor a moment all the world was right again. To a great number of people around the world, 2001 became a lost dream; a vision that was believed in, suddenly tarnished and turned nightmarish. Naturally, we Americans were looking for answers to why a devastation of this magnitude would happen to us. During the fallout of 9/11, the media played a major role in distributing information about a culture that many Americans knew nothing about. American s were now paying attention to the Muslim communityRead MoreThe Sectarian Divide Between The Sunni And Shiite1433 Words   |  6 Pagesthe rest of the world. The divide between the the Sunni and Shiite which has existed for centuries is one of the most prevalent aspects of Islam. Members of the two sects have co-existed for centuries and share many fundamental beliefs and practices. However, they differ in doctrine, ritual, law, and religious organization. Their leaders also often seem to be at odds; from Lebanon and Syria to Iraq and Pakistan, many recent conflicts have emphasized the sectarian divide which began with the deathRead MoreUnity of Muslim Ummah1811 Words   |  8 PagesAlHoojrat, Chapter 26), The one who obey Prophet, without any doubt he obeys Allah(Verse 80, Al Nissa, Chapter 5). Therefore to take out love of Muhammad (PBUH) from the heart and lives of Muslims, enemies of Islam fuelled controversy among Muslims about Great Personality of our Prophet, thereby creating disunity. Unity between Tongue and Heart (Iqrarum Bill-i-san wa Tasdeequm Bil Qalb) Present day world is full of hypocrisy (munafqat). This is major disease andRead MoreSaudi Arabia Versus Iran And The Ongoing Sunni Shia Conflict2147 Words   |  9 Pagesthis ancient divide is contributing in one way or the other to the resurgence of conflict in Muslim countries especially in the Middle East. For instance, it is this struggle between the Sunni and the Shia that feeds the current Syrian civil war, which is threatening to change the Middle East. The divide has also fueled violence in other Gulf countries such as Iraq, Bahrain, Yemen, as well as Lebanon. Notably however, the entire conflicts are not defined in respect to this Shia Sunni divide since thereRead More Fundamentalist Islam Essay2425 Words   |  10 Pages The key issue in the Middle East, increasingly, has less to do with the Arab-Israeli conflict and more to do with fundamentalist Islam. What is fundamentalist Islam? On the one hand, it manifests itself as a new religious conviction, reaff irming faith in an awe-inspiring God. On the other hand, it appears as a militant ideology, demanding political action now. One day its spokesmen call for a jihad (sacred war) against the West, evoking the deepest historic resentments. Another day, its leadersRead MoreSunni-Shiite Conflict1583 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sunni and Shiite branches of Islam have been feuding for hundreds of years dating back to the beginning of the Islamic religion. The deity or god of the Sunnis is Allah. The Sunni branch of Islam is the larger of the two branches with over 80% of the Muslim population. The Sunni are the majority in most of the countries that have Islamic followers. There are a few different translations of what Sunna stands for, one of which is â€Å"Habitual Practice.† The differences between the two branches canRead MoreThe Conflict Of Indian Muslims1686 Words   |  7 Pagesa sense of indirection, uncertainty and doubt. When the events of the history are reviewed, the heroes of the past start losing much of their sensation and mystery, challenging the integration and identity of a nation built on the great deeds of its founding fathers. In 1947 the Indian subcontinent got independence from its British rulers and emerged as two separate nations which were predominantly distinguished according to the religion of their resident populations. This hasRead MoreInternal Threats to Pakistan10157 Words   |  41 Pagesan insecure feeling amongst the masses. On the political front also things are not very encouraging. The dawn of democracy has been accompanied by same customary ills, which this nation has witnessed previously. The religious intolerance, ethnic divide and growing extremism have further compounded the problems. If already there were not enough security concerns existent for this country, the fate has now laid latest challenges and fears in the form of varying geopolitical compulsions since theRead MoreHurdles Impeding Development of Pakistan2259 Words   |  10 Pagesthem as the representative authority did not provide much hope of a democratic state that provided socio-economic justice and fair administration to all Pakistani citizens. Ranging controversies over the issue of the national language, the role of Islam, provincial representation, and the distribution of power between the center and the provinces delayed constitution making and postponed general elections, thus putting Pakistan into a certain situation of uncertainty right from the start. Poverty

Landmine Research Paper Free Essays

Abstract My research topic was landmines. At first I thought that the topic was too broad but came to find that there is so much about the topic that can be discovered. This brought on so many possible research questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Landmine Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now A few were: are they the most dangerous, should they be banned, how long have they been used etc. However, I found that researching the dangers of landmines would be the most appropriate topic for me. My method was to search through the databases and find information that could help formulate a thesis; once that was created I continued my research to help me discover topics for body paragraphs. My research brought me to a lot of conclusions and made me realize that landmines are in fact the most dangerous weapon that can be used it war. A Geographer Explores a Path of Destruction â€Å"Since 1975, landmines have killed or maimed more than 1-million people [across the world]† (Bonsor, 2001). Landmines are becoming increasingly more dangerous as they are constantly being used in wars. At the time, they seem like the best choice of weaponry but in reality, there are so many more efficient and safer choices that can be made. As I am human geographer, I am concerned with the study of people and places. Therefore, studying how landmines affect the people and their country is a huge part of what I do. It is said that the earliest forms of landmines were used over 2,500 years ago but that Americans were the first to use operational landmines in the war against the Indians in Florida in 1840 (Croll, 1998). Landmines have been used for so long and are becoming more and more dangerous. They used to be manually operated but quickly were developed to blow up when a certain amount of pressure was put on them. However, it was not until 1918 that landmines started being used on a large scale level; this began because assault tanks were now used in wars as well (Croll, 1998). If it were not for landmines, a lot of damage to citizens, animals, and resources would not occur. There are also two categories of landmines; Anti-personnel (AP) mines and Anti-Tank (AT) mines. AT mines are usually larger and contain more explosive materials. These mines are used to disable tanks, trucks, and the people in the surrounding area. They also require more pressure on the rigger plate for it to explode (Bonsor, 2001). However, no matter what type of mine it is, they can all do equal damage on a human being. The damage can be life threatening or even deadly. Mines cannot detect when the war is over or who is stepping on them; they are so dangerous to everyone around them. Sadly, some countries are a lot more affected by landmines than others (Croll, 1998). There are 26 countries in Africa, 9 countries in Amer ica, 17 countries in Asia, 25 countries in Europe, and 16 countries in the Middle East all being seriously affected by landmines. These are said to be the countries most affect by this deadly weapon of defense. Landmines are the most dangerous weapon to use in war because they are so deadly, they exists after the war ends, people forget where they placed them, they are cheap to make yet effective, and they kill civilians as well as the enemy. â€Å"Currently, there are more than 100-million landmines located in 70 countries around the world† (Bonsor, 2001). This number is outrageous seeing as many of these countries no longer have war raging through their country. Almost every war uses landmines because they are effective. The purpose of mines when used by armed forces is to disable any person or vehicle that comes into contact with it by an explosion or fragments released at high speeds† (Bonsor, 2001). We know that they are effective and that is why we use them. Nonetheless, we know that they are deadly and can kill in a matter of seconds. If you look at the map on page 8, you can see the large n umber of casualties throughout the world in 2008. The areas that are blue have high casualty rates; there is too much blue on that map for anyone to accept the horrors that landmines bring to war. Hopefully, one day, we will see white on every country proving that mines are no longer killing people across the world. Another scary thought is that in many instances, the mines do not kill the victim. Loss of arms and legs are very common in these injuries. These injuries do not only physically damage you but according to Shah, 2009, they leave a mental scar on the victim as well. Many people never recover from these traumatic injuries. It is difficult to imagine ever dealing with what these citizens must go through on a daily basis. How many people can actually say they would not fear leaving their own homes after such a terrible experience? Even when the war is over, the mines are not removed. They sit in the ground for years and years to come until some unfortunate soul is unlucky enough to be the one to detonate it. â€Å"Anti-personnel landmines continue to have tragic, unintended consequences years after a battle and even the entire war has ended† (Bonsor, 2001). The process it would take to remove these landmines is a lot more intricate than it is to install them in the first place. You would have to disable it from above ground or detonate it and that would become very difficult and dangerous for the workers. Doing this is not worth it for them, especially if they are not fighting on their own soil. Fighting for your own country is a lot more inconvenient. You may know that land a lot better which gives you an advantage, like in the Vietnam War. Yet, we also have to think about how they are depleting their own resources, destroying their land, and harming their own people. They have to deal with more tragedy once the war is over. We would reason that they would want to avoid using landmines on their own land, but it has yet to stop any country in any war. Landmines are also making globalization a lot harder because it is causing boundaries between countries; that’s what war does. Having landmines deepens the hate between countries because they cause so much pain. It is hard to trust a country that wants to help you become a core country when they have already destroyed so much of what you love. Thermal infrared (IR) technique has been applied to the detection of shallowly buried landmines for more than a decade and has been found to be promising for non-metallic mines. Its aim is to detect and distinguish landmines from other buried objects (false alarms) using diurnal IR measurements of the air-soil interface† (Thanh, 2011). Although this is very convenient, it does not always work. Many landmines are in fact metallic so if it can only de tect non-metallic mines, then it is missing a large amount of deadly weapons. The technique is an amazing start but it is not enough to say that the use of landmines should be allowed. Until a machine is invented that can detect any landmine, none should be used. However, if something like this is invented, it defeats the purpose of the mines all together. Either way, with advancements in this day and age, it will not be long before something this magnificent is created and the use of mines is unnecessary; therefore saving hundreds of lives every year. The more they use landmines, the more innocent lives are going to be taken once the conflict has been concluded. Not only do the landmines remain in the ground years after conflict has ended, but often soldiers forget where they have been placed. As time passes, the location of landmines is often forgotten, even by those who planted them† (Bonsor, 2001). This makes these mines even more dangerous. We know that they can kill someone in an instant, but knowing that we do not even know there location is terrifying. Anyone could visit a foreign country and potentially be affected by these killing machines. There is nothing we can even do at this point, especially when it is not on our on soil. When one country invades another, it makes sense that they forget about the location, but when it is your own country, the circumstances are completely different. They are now killing their own people and that is wrong on every possible level. â€Å"Furthermore, in the midst of a conflict or in preparation, records are rarely kept on exact locations for any or all landmines† (Shah, 2009). Therefore, they either do not have a record at all or completely forget about them. These conditions are daunting to imagine. We would hope that if war ever struck in the United States that we would be willing to remove the mines or detonate them before we forgot exactly where we put them. It is scary to think of the possibility of death in your own country post-war due to the effects of war. Since the death toll of landmines is so high we know that they are effective, however many people do not know that they are cheap to make as well. â€Å"Landmines are easy-to-make, cheap and effective weapons that can be deployed easily over large areas to prevent enemy movements† (Bonsor, 2001). The fact that they are cheap makes it a lot easier and more convenient to use them in wars. We could predict that if they were not so cheap then less countries would want to use them as a weapon. However, at this point in time, it seems that the only thing that could possibly stop the use of landmines is a law. It would be great if everyone just stopped using them because the causality rate is so high but they are more worried about killing soldiers and do not worry about what is going to happen to the civilians decades later. The more wars they are used in, the easier and cheaper it gets to produce them (Thanh, 2011). This should be reason enough to stop all use of the mines. This needs to end before it is too late. Too many people are getting maimed by these mines. It is clear that they are beneficial during the war but the affects after the war are far from worth a potential victory. It is not fair to the rest of the world to use these when we are the ones getting caught in the crossfire. Once the war had ended, the only people left to be effected by the landmines are the citizens. â€Å"Horrific stories and pictures from all around the world often showed that civilians were the main landmine casualties in large numbers — and continued to be so years after the warring factions have left the battlefield† (Shah, 2009). This is alarming to hear. They did nothing to deserve this terrible fate therefore they should not be the ones whose lives are destroyed because of them. One of the worst parts of the situation is that the ones affected are often children. You may see the physical damages on the outside, but there are so many mental scars on the inside. â€Å"Education rates among child survivors are lower than average while school drop-outs are more frequent, diminishing employment prospects later on† (Shah, 2009). It is not fair that children have to suffer so much for a war they may not have even been alive to experience. Even if they had been alive it is unlikely that they had been a part of the war; they were most likely just a citizen in a village or town nearby. There futures are ruined due to factors that are not their fault; it is a miserable start to a child’s life leading to an even more miserable ending. They do not deserve to live under these horrible conditions. We should be able to do more to help, but at this point, there is nothing we can do but hope that innocent people stop getting injured. Landmines are becoming more dangerous as the number of casualties increase. Many civilians may have to resort to voluntary migration to avoid the dangers that the area may bring. Something needs to be done to stop these terrifying mines from being used during war. The five themes of geography can be applied because the layout and production of landmines relates to it. The first theme is location. Landmines are everywhere. In the map on page 8, we can see just how common they really are and just how many people are affected by them. They were not put into the Earth so that people would never set them off, they were meant to destroy. The second theme is human-environment interaction; the relationship between human and the physical world. The mines could be around any corner of the world and these causes a relationship of fear for the people living with these dangers. The third theme is region. This relates to landmines because more often than not, landmines are placed in regions that soldiers would be crossing. They are strategically placed by the enemy. â€Å"[We as geographers] use fieldwork, quantitative, and qualitative methods to develop insightful descriptions of different regions of the world† (Fouberg, 2009). The fourth theme is place. Each landmine has a unique location depending on who planted it and who their target is. Each landmine has its own distinctive mission. Finally, the fifth theme is movement. Civilians must relocate during and after war to avoid the tragedies brought on by landmines and even other war effects. This is not fair to them but it is something that should be done to ensure their safety and the safety of their families. My conclusions is that landmines are the most dangerous weapon to use in war because they are so deadly, they exists after the war ends, people forget where they placed them, they are cheap to make yet effective, and they kill civilians. All these reasons are enough to show that landmines should not be used in wars. â€Å"These landmines are perhaps amongst the most awful weapons on the battlefield today, they are inanimate victim-activated explosive devices recognizing neither friend nor foe, making no distinctions between soldiers or civilians they continue maiming and killing long after war is over†(Shaun, 2011). None of the achievements seem worth all the pain and suffering. It may seem that they are helping in war efforts but in the long run, they are doing more damage than good. These mines continue to be functional for many decades, causing further damage, injury and death† (Bonsor, 2001). It is unfathomable to understand the fear that goes through the minds of civilians in many countries when they walk out the door. Could I fall victim to a landmine today? Do they have any idea what is coming? They may even think that nothing will happen to them or that all the mines have been detonated. Little d o they know, there are still hundreds, maybe even thousands still lurking in the soil of a place they call home. http://www. he-monitor. org/index. php/publications/display? url=lm/2009/maps/casualties. html This is a map of the world that shows the number of casualties, in 2008, that mines and explosive remnants of war (ERW) have caused. Works Cited Bonsor, Kevin. (19 June 2001). How Landmines Work. How Stuff Works. Retrieved from http://science. howstuffworks. com/landmine7. htm Croll, Mike. (November 1998). History of Landmines. Pen and Sword Books. Retrieved from http://members. iinet. net. au/~pictim/mines/history/history. html Fouberg, Erin H. (2009). Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture. New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Shah, Anup. (27 November 2009). Landmines. Global Issues. Retrieved from http://www. globalissues. org/article/79/landmines Shaun, Allan. (2011). Call of Duty – Modern Warfare: The Effects of Landmines and IEDs on British Troops in Afghanistan. Baltic Security and Defense Review, Vol. 13, 6-20. Thanh, Nguyen Trung. (April 2011). Detection and characterization of buried landmines using infrared thermography. Inverse Problems in Science Engineering, Vol. 19, 281-301. How to cite Landmine Research Paper, Essays

Utilitarianism and Natural Justice Intellectual Property Rights

Question: Describe about the Utilitarianism and Natural Justice for Intellectual Property Rights. Answer: 1. The recent writings in theory most of them consist of a struggle which is there between and with the different approaches towards intellectual property rights. The two of the main approaches that exist towards intellectual property rights are that of Utilitarianism and Natural Justice. The most popular of the four theories is that of Utilitarianism, the utilitarian guidelines that the most common guidelines which the beacon of lawmakers follow for shaping of the intellectual property rights.[1] The principle behind this being that it is ensured that there is maximization of the social welfare in net. It is generally thought with respect to pursuit of such end for intellectual property is that it is required by the lawmakers for striking a balance which is optimal between, the exclusive right power for ensuring that there is stimulation of creation of works of art and inventions and, on the other hand, offsetting partially such rights that that it is able to curtail the public enjoyment which is widespread of such creations. From the Utilitarian aspect it must be noted that there is encouragement of Intellectual Property for creativity, it allows that the creator be able to make a profit from his own work, there is incentive which is there for being able to create w ork that is more useful. The aim of this theory, as has already be established through decades, is to ensure that it is able to achieve for the greatest number of people greatest happiness. This view is stated as being the ultimate view when it comes to IP with respect to the theory of utilitarianism. The second most common theory when it comes to Intellectual Property Rights is that of utilitarianism. The theorists who work in this area of the theory of Intellectual Property Rights are usually in the practice of drawing their inspiration from the personal attachment and natural rights.[2] The work that is creative in nature is usually the expression of the creators personality. This is a requirement for ensuring that it is protected at all times. It is necessary to establish that there should be no one who would be allowed to use such work without the permission of the creator. It has been stated by Vaver D., Some Agnostic Observations on Intellectual Property Rights that- The reasons behind the extension of legal protection with respect to intellectual property are not evident as well as persuasive. The moral and economic motivations have been identified by the theorists. Morally, an individual is believed to possess a natural right with respect to their intellect; on the other hand the society has an obligation for rewarding the individuals to a level in which they have produced something valuable for the society. It is also rightly said that, as you sow, so shall you reap. However, these arguments are not valid with respect to the given case. This argument is also the argument on materials that are judicial and legislative, typically there is a blending of the various types of arguments which are there with respect to intellectual property. Though it may be that a modern reader might suppose the fact that there is commitment towards intellectual growth is required to be a goal that is entirely utilitarian in nature, peripheral largely to the natural justice considerations, there would not have been characterization of it by many of the thinkers of natural rights themselves. In the 18th century during the work mark that was high of thinking which related to natural rights, the view which was orthodox that was taken that the progress towards ensuring that there is enlightenment of humans is interwoven inescapably with the freedom of humans, that ensuring that there is liberation of the citizen and there is liberation of the mind were procedures that were complimentary in nature. These view of being able to access knowledge and progress were applicable to the questions which related to Intellectual Property Rights. While there are some perspectives with respect to natural rights which are committed internally for the disse mination and the growth of culture and learning there are various other which are not. An IPR advocate who is strong can accept simply instantiate their preferential establishment may certainly have unenviable consequences for the development of knowledge and societal epistemologys aptitude for tracking the truth. Nonetheless they might carry on we cannot overlook the claiming of rights simply for the reason that we are concerned regarding inopportune consequences to improvement and understanding. 2. Part 1 Though in theory there is protection of shapes under trademark, there has been refusal of the majority of product shapes which are functional. The rejection of such shapes have been due to the fact that they do not qualify as being a trade mark, even though there may be categorization of shape as being with the definition of sign under the Australian Trade Mark Act 1995 section 6 and there may be registration of all signs as trade-marks however, to be able to qualify as being a trademark it is required that there must be usage of the sign either on or with respect to some services or goods. It is through section 7(4) that the same rule is set regarding the manner in which it is to be used in a trade mark which states that the usage of a trademark with respect to goods means that the trade mark is to be used either in physical, upon or other relation with respect to the goods. It is not possible for the trademark to become in itself a product, so there is exclusion by this requirement of being able to register the goods actual shape as being a trademark as it does not form a separate mark, which is to be used either in relation or on the product itself. Part II While it was out of originally the tort of passing off that the system of trademark registration grew, there exists a difference which is fundamental between the manner in which there is conferring by the registered system protection on the trademarks and the manner in which the tort of passing off.[3] The tort of passing off is a protection that has been conferred not on the per se the trade-mark. Instead this protection has been conferred on the associated reputation of the trademark. This proposition which is fundamental form the cause for some of the debates which had been going on for years altogether but is now a proposition that has been irrefutable and entrenched. The English authority which is leading with respect to this point is the decision of House of Lords in the case of Spalding and Brothers v AW Gammage Ltd[4], soon after there was a turn of the 20th century, wherein it was stated that the usage of the of a term that is descriptive rather than a term which is inventiv e will require on the plaintiff much more effort for establishing that there was a secondary meaning which existed to it. Futher in the case of CampomarSociedad v Nike International[5] it was stated that there is restrain that is put on a person under passing off from using descriptive terms, names or other such indicia for persuading the customer or the purchaser to believe that the said services or goods have an endorsement or quality which would belong or belongs to services and goods of, or are associated with others or another. Part III Though there are provisions which attempt to protect the 3D designs however it is challenge for the designers in Australia to try and protect their works in the near future when there are technological chance which are precipitated by the advent of their being manufacturing that is additive which is known also as 3D printing. This process is the once which there is recreation of the form of a solid entity by means of layering of various objects in layers which are successive. It may be used for the creation of shoes, clothing jewellery to furniture, sculptures, parts of machine and even instruments of music. However, the present framework which is in existence in Australia there is a general loss that is faced by the designs which are applied industrially to the benefit of copyright protection. The point at which the protection of design expire after only a period of period of ten years, unlike a copyright which lasts entirely through the period of life of the author and another plus 70 years, there is no further protection that would be in existence for the designs. It was stated in the submission by the Advisory Council on Intellecutal Propertys Reviewing of Designs Systems issues document that this technological advancement possess the potential of posing same challenges to the regime of our intellectual property as alters to the digital financial system have been pretentious in Australia for the previous decade.28 The need for reforming a comparison between the regimes of Australia and the foreign jurisdictions and looking to the future of technology of design as well as manufacturing for demonstrating that the policy of Australian justification for the exclusive rights and designing overlap provisions that are obsolete and out of step with the international equivalents. 4. In the case of National Research Development Corporation v Commissioner of Patents (NRDC)[6] it was indicated by the High Court that the approach which was policy-oriented should be adapted to the meaning of the term. The word manufacture in the present Act finds its position not as an anticipated word for reducing the question of patentability to a verbal interpretation question, as merely as the title which is generally prevalent in the Statute of Monopolies. The question that is correct is whether this is a subject, which is proper form the patent letters according to the principles that have been under the relevance of the principle of the said Statute. It was interpreted in the NRDC case that for there to be an invention, which is a manufacturing manner it is, required that it belongs to fine arts rather than usual arts. There must be material advantage, which should be provided, and the value to the contrary must in the economic endeavor field. 3. Part I This is a situation of joint authorship between all the individuals who have contributed to the paper in various ways. In the case of Godfrey v. Lees[7], the copyright dispute concerned in an arrangement that was recorded of various songs by the band called Barclay James Harvest. The bands producer had contributed toward the arrangements of the string and other elements of music to songs eventual released version i.e. the work of music in question. There was a correct identification of the arrangement as being distinct from the work that was underlying and there was a joint authorship which was awarded to the producer in the arrangements. Part II Jasmine will have to ensure that the disclosure is a confidential disclosure. If a confidential disclosure is made for the purposes of commercialization it shall not affect the novelty of the product. Part III No, the argument which is made by Malcom is not a valid argument, since the disclosure which had been made was a confidential disclosure and there will be liability on Malcolm and Hope for breach of intellectual property rights of Amanda. Part IV There is protection which is provided under copyright to not the idea itself but the manner in which the idea has been expressed as opined in the case of Autodesk Inc versus Dyason there is no expression of idea with respect to the said chair and it is an idea in itself hence there will not be any copyright protection that would be provided to it. Part V The required under section 17 states that the trade mark is required to be sign, there must be an intention attached for using it or it is to be used and it should be able to distinguish the service or the product. Though there is no geographic indicator attached to it the trademark is not innovative and will not be able to distinguish the goods for which it is being registered for it is already a form of cotton. Thus, it may not be advisable to register the same as a trademark. Part VI Issac would be able to obtain a patent for his invention since though he had referred to various documents through his research however he has come up with an invention that is completely thus satisfying one of the ground criteria of patents that it ensures that there is invention and development.

William Mckinley Essays - William McKinley, Gold Standard

William Mckinley William McKinley Twenty-Fifth President 1897-1901 Born: 1/29/1843 Birthplace: Niles, Ohio William McKinley was born in Niles, Ohio, on Jan. 29, 1843. He taught school, then served in the Civil War, rising from the ranks to become a major. McKinley opened a law office in Canton, Ohio, and in 1871 married Ida Saxton. Elected to Congress in 1876, he served there until 1891, except for 1883?85. His faithful advocacy of business interests culminated in the passage of the highly protective McKinley Tariff of 1890. With the support of Mark Hanna, a shrewd Cleveland businessman interested in safeguarding tariff protection, McKinley became governor of Ohio in 1892 and Republican presidential candidate in 1896. The business community, alarmed by the progressivism of William Jennings Bryan, the Democratic candidate, spent considerable money to assure McKinley's victory. The chief event of McKinley's administration was the war with Spain, which resulted in the United States' acquisition of the Philippines and other islands. (whitehouse.gov) Fast Fact: Under William McKinley the Nation gained its first overseas possessions. . (www.mckinley.lib.oh.us/musemum/biography.htm) Biography of William McKinley 25th President of the United States William McKinley was the 25th president of the United States. He was born on January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio, a town of about 300 people at that time. He was the 7th child born to William and Nancy Alison McKinley (of Irish and Scotch descent). His father leased an iron foundry in Niles. William attended a one-room schoolhouse that stood on the site of this memorial. The family moved to Poland, Ohio when he was nine years old so that the children could attend a private school there called the Poland Academy. In school William enjoyed reading, debating, and public speaking. In fact, he was the president of the school's first debate club. When he was 16 he attended Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania, for a short time before illness forced him to return home. When he regained his health he did not return to Meadville because of the family's changed financial situation. Instead, he worked for awhile as a postal clerk. When the Civil War broke out on April 12, 1861 he was teaching at Kerr School near Poland, Ohio. He and a cousin, Will Osbourne (who later became mayor of Youngstown) enlisted as privates in the 23rd regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which was under the command of Rutherford B. Hayes, the future U.S. president. His first battle was at Carnifax Ferry, W. Virginia. He was later promoted to commissary sergeant and at the Battle of Antietam (September 17, 1862), while his regiment was under intense enemy fire, and against the advice of his superiors, he took food to the troops. Because of this act of bravery, he was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant. By the time the war was over he had attai ned the rank of brevet major. William returned to Poland, Ohio where he studied law with Judge Charles Glidden. In 1866 he entered law school in Albany, New York, but he did not graduate. In 1867 he was admitted to the bar in Warren, Ohio. He moved to Canton, Ohio where two of his sisters were schoolteachers and he got a job working for Judge George Belden. Belden was so over-burdened with cases that he offered one to McKinley. McKinley won the case and so impressed the judge that he was paid $25.00 for the case and was given a job. Later, McKinley opened his own law office and became active in the politics of the Republican Party. He was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Stark County in 1869. While doing business at a local bank he met Ida Saxton, who was the daughter of a local banker and was also the Belle of Canton. They married in January, 1871 and their first daughter, Katherine, was born on Christmas day of that year. Their second child, Ida, was born in 1873 and died at the age of 4 ? months. That same year, Mrs. McKinley's mother also died. Two years later, their first daughter, Katie, died of typhoid fever. Mrs. McKinley became ill with depression, phlebitis, and epilepsy, which left her a semi-invalid who needed constant care. Mr. McKinley was always concerned about her and he was known for his devotion to her. McKinley won election to the

Goals in life Essays

Goals in life Essays Goals in life Essay Goals in life Essay It is the end of every person to adequately accomplish his/her ends in life. It is what motivates them to endeavor and seek for something worthwhile. Each one uses this as a theoretical account for acquiring motive and fulfilment in the things that they do. Amidst the reverses that are in topographic point. it is in here that they learn to appreciate what is of import in life ; difficult work and finding. Furthermore. our ability to exceed to other people and influence alteration can truly convey approximately capablenesss to be adaptative and vivacious. Give this impression. I wish to show my purpose to use for a grade in Communication. Dialogue and exchange remain to be one of the instruments that shape man’s interaction among other people. It serves as an of import determiner in casting and making persons who are both capable to accommodate and suppress the challenges of professional pattern. Given the complexnesss of today’s workplace. many pupils need to be officially trained to hold the sufficient and necessary accomplishments to get by in these altering times. By making this. I can be competent and vigorous in the things I do. : To supplement this. one must hold the indispensable experience and leading accomplishments so that this comparative aspect be honed and cultivated. For my portion. I believe that I have these necessary ideals to adequately turn to these challenges both in the educational environment and in the workplace. It is in here that I wish to indicate out my makings and traits that I believe can be critical towards my application in UC. At an early age. I was exposed into assorted enterprises that opened up my abilities and possible as a leader. Bing immersed in these activities other than my survey widened my skylines and opened new boundaries for me to research. From my experience in Hong Kong to my community work in Santa Monica College. all these paved the manner for such realisation. At the same clip. I was able to cultivate the service trait which I believe is an indispensable constituent of a good and equal leader. Looking at my experiences. I had mentioned that I was non simply involved in academic project. I excessively tried to develop my interpersonal accomplishments by recommending legion civic and extracurricular activities including athleticss. Back so. I was in the badminton school squad since I was in grade 7 ( rate 7 to rate 11 ) I represent my school to come in many badminton competitions and came out with a good consequences. Furthermore. I am proud to hold been portion of the Duke of Edinburg Awards ( The DofE ) and finished the Silver degree. The DofE is a programme of activities that can be undertaken by anyone aged from 14 to 25. regardless of personal ability. In the terminal. all these enterprises contributed to what I am right now ; competitory and vivacious. With your aid. I can actively prolong this energy and create chances for me to make and react actively to the demands of others. Motivate 2 I believe that finding and forbearance remains to be the specifying factor in the manner we do and manage things. It is in this visible radiation that we gain experience and penetrations that contribute to the manner we do our undertakings and duties. Give the different battles that we may meet in these state of affairss ; we must go on to stand up and utilize these events as a manner to ease a renewed attempt to widen our skylines and learn from the procedure. It is with this proverb that I come to battle every challenge that may come along the manner. Coming from the United States as an immigrant. I excessively experient troubles in seting to the norms and civilization. I had to get by up with the linguistic communication barrier and efficaciously pass oning with other people. However. this did non halt me from accomplishing what I wanted to be. Rather than giving up in the procedure. I developed my personal committedness to major in communicating to assist me bridge this spread and allow other immigrants feel the same manner. Though this undertaking is neer an easy one. I feel that my background and the manner I was brought up by my male parent can give me the strength to undertake any challenge that may come along the manner. Looking back. I am proud to state that my household raised me reasonably good and gave the right norms and values to manage the force per unit areas in the outside universe. They gave me the chance to showcase my endowment and accomplishments in different ways. Each one did non halter my growing but gave me the inspiration to concentrate on what I want. In add-on. they imparted in me the lessons of forbearance and doggedness in everything. Now. I began to understand and appreciate what they gave me. As I brought these proverbs to pattern. I became involved in legion activities outside the academic kingdom. It has ever been my belief that to accomplish an component of satisfaction and fulfilment. 1 must travel out of his/her comfort zone and function other people. With this. I began to tie in with persons in different degrees may it be in athleticss ( badminton ) or civic activities such as my engagement in Duke of Edinburg Awards. Not merely did these plans enhance my capablenesss and accomplishments as an person. it besides gave significance in my life and aim in everything that I do. My engagement as a frailty president of my house was besides a alone experience on my portion. It proved critical for me to heighten my leading and communicating accomplishments among other people. I became portion of charity events and making out for handicapped people. It motivated me because I am now seeing what I wanted to go and actively working harmoniously with other persons. I learned utile accomplishments which allow me to run into people and communicate with them. In all of these. I feel that the past five old ages of my life were a finding factor of what I wanted to be.

Application for Qualified Teacher Status Nationals of European Economic Area

Please indicate the eligibility condition you satisfy: i) You have successfully completed a course of post-secondary higher education of at least three years’ duration, as well as the professional training which may e required in addition to that postsecondary course. ii) In a member state where post-secondary higher education of at least three years is the normal requirement, you are recognised and permitted to practise as a qualified school teacher, having undertaken some lesser education and training in such a State (acquired rights). iii) You are recognised in an EEA state by virtue of qualifications obtained outside of the EEA and have three years’ certified professional experience in that state. 3 Teacher qualifications If you are not sure whether you consider yourself disabled as defined by the Act, or need information, please contact the Equality and Human Rights Commission on 0845 604 6610 (phone), 0845 604 6630 (fax), 0845 604 6620 (textphone), or visit www. equalityhumanrights. com Ethnicity: Please put a cross in one box to indicate your cultural background. This information will be used to estimate the number of teachers from different ethnic groups to enable the TA to track and help monitor equal opportunities for all teachers. Qualified teacher status Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) is an accreditation made to those teachers who meet the professional standards required to be able to teach in maintained schools, non-maintained special schools or pupil referral units in England. Without QTS a teacher cannot be employed as a qualified teacher in state schools. The European Council Directive 2005/36/EC allows EEA nationals who are recognised as qualified school teachers in an EEA state to be recognised as qualified school teachers in England. The Teaching Agency (TA) is the ompetent authority in England for recognising EEA teachers for the award of QTS under this directive. This application form is designed for teachers who are qualified to teach the compulsory age-range in England (5-16). Are you eligible for QTS? To be eligible for recognition as a qualified school teacher in England under the directive, you must be able to satisfy one of the following three conditions: 1. You have successfully completed a course of post-secondary higher education of at least three years’ duration, as well as the professional training which may be required in addition to that post-secondary course. . In a member state where post-secondary higher education of at least three years is the normal requirement, you are recognised and permitted to practice as a qualified school teacher, having undertaken some lesser education and training in such a state (acquired rights). 3. You are recognised in an EEA state by virtue of qualifications obtained outside of the EEA and have three years’ certified professional experience in that state. Recognition for school teachers is covered by Article 13 under Directive 2005/36/EC. The directive can be found online at http://eur-lex. uropa. eu/(directive) How to apply Please complete all parts of the form in full and attach any additional information on separate sheets. 1. Personal details Please ensure the contact address you supply is the address you wish all TA correspondence to be sent to. If you do not have a UK national insurance number, please leave this box blank. You need to send in evidence of your EEA nationality e. g. photocopy of passport, ID card etc. If your name is different to that on your qualifications you will need to send in evidence of your change of name e. g. hotocopy of marriage certificate etc. 2. Eligibility Please tick which criteria you meet. Please note that if you are applying under Part 2 b iii you will need to provide a letter of attestation from the EEA state that recognised you that confirms you are a recognised teacher and that you have three years’ professional experience in that EEA State after being recognised by them. 3. Teacher qualifications Please detail your initial teacher training qualifications. Please send in a copy of your teaching qualification along with a certified translation. If your qualification does not clearly state your status as a teacher along with the age-range and subjects you are qualified to teach, please send in a copy of your diploma supplement or transcript to support this. If you needed to complete an induction or probation period to become a fully qualified teacher in the EEA state in which you qualified, please send in evidence of this also. 4. Higher education qualification Please complete this section if your initial teacher training was a postgraduate course. You will need to send in a copy of your higher education qualification along with a certified translation. 5. Particulars of employment as a school teacher undertaken in the last ten years. Please detail employment you have undertaken in the last ten years after you qualified as a teacher. 6. Diversity This information will be used to estimate the number of teachers from different ethnic groups to enable the TA to track and help monitor equal opportunities for all teachers. 7. Declaration Please sign and date this section of the form. All applications must be signed and dated before they can begin to be processed. Translations For your qualifications listed in parts 3 and 4, you need to send in certified English translations of these documents. A certified translation must be undertaken by an independent competent translator. The Association of Translation Companies can tell you about translation companies: www. atc. org. uk Please note we do not accept UK NARIC comparability statements in lieu of certified translations. UK NARIC provides a service whereby qualifications from outside the UK are compared to the UK’s qualification frameworks. These can be useful in demonstrating your level of education to potential employers or educational institutions. You will need to send photocopies of your proof of nationality and additional supporting document if your name is different to those on your qualifications. We do not require certified translations of your evidence of nationality or change of name; you may however wish to accompany them with a translation you have completed yourself. Where to send your documents: Once the application form is completed, please send it to us at the following address: QTS and Induction Division Teaching Agency 7th Floor, 53-55 Butts Road Earlsdon Park Coventry CV1 3BH United Kingdom Please remember to send photocopies of your supporting documents and translations. The TA does not accept responsibility for original documents. What happens next When we receive your application form we will send you a letter acknowledging receipt of your application. If there are any documents missing from your application we will contact you within one calendar month from the date of receipt. Once we receive a complete application the TA has four months in which to assess and make a decision on whether to award you QTS under the terms of Directive 2005/36/EC. If you are successful you will be regarded as a qualified teacher in England and you will be sent: †¢ your QTS certificate; and †¢ your teacher reference number (if you do not already have one). If you are unsuccessful in your application we will write to you stating why. Applicants wishing to appeal must do so within four months of the notification of the decision. Getting a job Most teachers look for work through advertisements in national and local newspapers.

Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead - Essay Example Roughly a hundred pounds overweight, stuffed with steroids and ill with an encumbering autoimmune illness, Joe Cross is unable to find hope. Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead is an inspirational and a moving documentary film that records Cross personal undertaking to gain back his fitness and health. With doctors and medication incapable to provide lasting help, Cross is left with no choice but to rely on the body's capability to cure itself. He throws the junk food out of the window and travels all across America with a juicer and generator, declaring to drink only fresh fruit and vegetable juice for the following two months. Lugubriously overweight and so close to death’s door, Phil Staples starts his personal journey to live a normal healthy life once again. What arises is astoundingly remarkable, an inspirational story of recovery and human relationship. Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead present an exceptional and heartening tale of two individuals from two different worlds that, with a c ommon goal, unite. This movie has undoubtedly opened my eyes to the reality of obesity in our society. It is a serious condition and has serious effects. There are so many people in this world right now who are suffering from overweightness. They must take action right away before their downhill path gets any worse. The consequences of obesity are great and sometimes, irreversible. Sickness and illnesses, susceptibility to heart diseases and cancer are far greater than people with a healthy weight. Discipline and the determination are the key aspects that will surely help one in regaining their health and the many years they have lost due to obesity. Your lifestyle is of utmost importance because it determines your everyday life. It defines who you are and what you are capable of. However, most importantly, your lifestyle determines how long you will live.

Organizational Behavior at Fasco Motors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organizational Behavior at Fasco Motors - Essay Example Fasco management should have been working continuously to create a culture of collectivism and loyalty, under a team methodology, to ensure that the business was aligned with Thailand customer needs and values. To the customers in Thailand, the concept of trust, ethics, and relationship was vital to establishing business relationships. The unethical behaviors, such as providing low-cost products to favorite customers and then adjusting accounting to hide this deception, was creating a culture of mistrust and greed. When it was discovered, by other managers in the leadership team, that these situations were occurring, failure to disclose this knowledge to senior-level officials showed the lack of integrity related to establishing a loyalty-based, family-oriented organizational culture. Positive organizational behavior demands that individuals in management or senior-level leadership roles model behaviors related to ethics, unity, and trustworthy business practices. There is a theory i n social sciences referred to as social learning theory in which individuals observe role models and then learn what behaviors are appropriate based on whether they are rewarded or punished (Neubert, Carlson, Kacmar, Roberts & Chonko, 158). When the role model is someone attractive and credible, or hold high status in a firm, people will generally model these behaviors when they are not punished effectively (Neubert, et al). This is what was occurring at the organization as mid-level management viewed their leaders being rewarded for their false accounting practices. In fact, Allen Moot, the general manager, was receiving kickbacks for these efforts and thus it provided legitimacy to model these same behaviors by the other managers who were ultimately fired for their role in modeling these unethical business practices. In order to create a cohesive organization built on ethics and loyalty, there must be an establishment of affiliation between all group members. Creating a sense of t eam belonging is critical in organizational behavior in order to gain motivation and commitment. â€Å"Once the need for affiliation is satisfied, the individual desires more recognition and this can produce feelings of prestige, power, and control† (Gambrel & Cianci, 144). While the managers were receiving kickbacks for their improper business decisions, others were observing lack of punishment for unethical behaviors and thus an unacceptable type of affiliation was being created: one in which individuals were gaining financial rewards for dishonest business dealings. However, this indecent type of affiliation in the management ranks was providing perceptions of power, confidence, and control and thus people were willing to abandon business needs to satisfy their own financial objectives. To have a quality team, people have to come to identify with the group and psychologically join in order for there to be loyalty (Bush & Coetzer, 185). High ranking managers like Allen Moot were creating a new type of social identity related to groups by accommodating individual needs and forsaking business objectives in the process. Regardless of the unethical behaviors, team membership was being developed effectively, but for all the wrong reasons as it related to personal fulfillment and financial reward.

Comparing 600-1450 & 1450-1750 Essay Example for Free

Comparing 600-1450 1450-1750 Essay Periods of time have always been changing and evolving. The 600 to 1450 era had some similarities to the following era, the 1450 to the 1750; though as said before, there were the changes also. Many continuities and breaks occurred between both periods. There were the changes in their trading systems, the technology, their global interactions, urbanization, social systems, and their political government development. These events led to various inventions and some that are still used to this day. All the terms involving continuity during both time periods eventually changed and affected the era. Analyzing these ideas will help receive a better understanding of both periods. During the 600s to the 1450s, trading was mostly done by land. There were long-distance trading occurring then, but not as much sea travel and ocean trade routes as in the 1450s to 1750s time period. The post-classical period (600-1450) included the long-distance trade from the European to the African kingdoms. However, there wasn’t any constant trading happening between the eastern and western hemisphere. On the other side, during the time frame after this (1450-1750), trading was constant with the western and eastern hemispheres now connected by sea-based travel. World trade patterns where happening due to the Atlantic Ocean trade eventually crossing of the Pacific Ocean. Trading began with small items and grew to even humans, slaves. Trade routes influenced the cultures and belief systems back then also. Connections between different people brought both positive and negative effects. Technology also improved because of necessary traveling items. The technology during both of these time periods where advancing and improving. During the 1450-1750, these innovations strengthened their political organization and economic growth. Afterwards these two affected and altered the world trade pattern. In these early years, the Scientific Revolution occurred and the methods used by scientists then, are now the basis for science; for example mathematical formulation, empirical evidence, and freedom of inquiry. The Scientific Revolution was a new vision of science relying on the human reason for comprehending the scientific phenomena. This Revolution was brought by the earlier Renaissance and the Reformation. During the 1450-1750, there wasn’t a Scientific Revolution, but there was the forcing of converting to Catholicism from the Spanish and Portuguese towards the Amerindians. In the earlier era, it was optional for people to rely on the Scientific Revolution as their belief, but in the later era, Catholicism was forced into being the belief of all. In navigation technology, the Portuguese made great contributions including the magnetic compass and the astrolabe, helping mariners determine their locations at sea. They also made advancements in the design of ships. Caravel was the name of the newly developed ship by the Portuguese. Its size allowed the exploration of shallow coastal areas and rivers, and was also strong eno0ugh to withstand storms out on the ocean. This navigational technology made history. Socially, there were many important cultural changes. For example in the 600-1450, the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Enlightenment were beliefs that oriented European minds toward science and invention. This allowed them to escape from the social and intellectual boundaries of the Middle Ages. Speaking first of the Renaissance, which was primarily launched in Italy, this was a time of â€Å"rebirth† to the intellectual and artistic creativity of the people. Humanism is the interest of an individual’s capabilities and accomplishments, but in the Italian Renaissance, humanism was reflected through philosophies, portrait painting, and autobiography. The Reformation occurred both in the Protestant group and later on in the Catholic people. The rebellions against the church were the Protestant Reformation, which began in 1517 by Martin Luther and his 95 Theses. The Catholic Church responded forcefully and began the Catholic Reformation. During this time, a Council of Trent rose and Jesuits was founded which traveled all around Europe trying to convince ex-members back. During the time when the Spanish were ruling over the Americas, the forced their way into that land and killed everyone they found. These conquistadors were cruel, slaughtering small children, pregnant women, and even old men. Their political development systems changed slightly and this caused a new turn to the governments’ ruling and its land/sea possession of trade. During the post-classical era, the kingdoms were long lasting overall. In the period after, there was a great expansion of their kingdoms. The Spanish and French kings gained enough power to turn into absolute monarchs, which held complete control over their kingdoms. The French kings also cultivated a belief in the divine right, which was the authority of king with God’s blessing. In other parts of Europe (Britain and the Netherlands) developed constitutionalism as their style of government. Though, the development of capitalism and technological advances was constant on all government types. Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership of property and business that produce goods to be sold in a free market. The joint-stock companies, back then, organized commercial ventures on a large scale by allowing investors to buy and sell shares. In the â€Å"putting-out system†, entrepreneurs delivered the raw material to the workers in their home, from where they were transformed into finished products. The Portuguese established viceroyalties, which were the king’s representatives in the New World and wielded a great deal of power over their lands. They later became independent and set up their government in an urban area. Talking more about the time of 1450-1750, the Zhen He’s voyages were very important. I founded interesting that after Yongle’s death, the Ming government decided to stop the voyages, but if they hadn’t, might the Chinese have been the ones to discover the Americas first?!!? Overall, periodization has changed and had made an impact on us today. The era between the 600-1450s and the one of 1450-1750s were both very interesting and had marker events that shape our life today. Analyzing, comparing the continuities and the breaks help us get a better understanding on what really made history.

native son :: essays research papers

Native Son by Richard Wright is a novel written about a black boy trying to grow up in a white man's world. Bigger, the main character is growing up in a typical black neighborhood. He is the only man of the house so he must help his mother support them. In this novel it is important to understand that Bigger is prone to violence. In every tough situation he gets stuck in he refers to a violent action. This can be seen by the way he treats his friends and family. Richard Nathaniel Wright was born on September 4, 1908 on a Mississippi plantation. During Wright's childhood he was often hungry. This allowed Wright to write passionately and eloquently about the meaning of suffering in the lives of oppressed and exploited people because that suffering was an integral part of his own life. The Communist Party had been the only one to take a deep interest in Wright's life and had at one time offered to teach him to write. Richard Wright died on November 28, 1960, at the age of 52 in Paris. I feel that Max had the most influence on Bigger. Max helped Bigger realize what he had done wrong and how that not all white people were out to get the black man. At times Bigger felt that Max was only trying to hurt him but I think that deep down inside, Bigger knew Max was only there to help him. Max looked out for Bigger's best wishes. Max knew that if Bigger had testified the lawyers would have pounded him with questions and made him seem more guilty that he already was. I also think that it showed Bigger that Max cared about him and showed Bigger that he was going to help him though the trial. Max showed not only the court, but the nation as a whole, that there is no way that Bigger can receive a fair trial. Bigger and Max both know this. I also think that Bigger knows he is going to die Max is the only one trying to help him. Max is trying to do the impossible. That is make a black man innocent in a white man's court. Max not only had a major influence on Bigger, but he was one of the only people that cared about him and did not judge him by the color of his skin.

The Story of Her Life

A deaf and blind girl born in 1880 said, â€Å"Everything has its wonders, even darkness and silence, and I learn whatever state I am in, therein to be content.†Thus, this individual with incapability played and enjoyed her life amid the lack of two senses—ability to hear and see—was able to receive praises and admirations from the people around her. In addition, she was able to contribute to the world important things that even people with senses could not be able to give.The beginning of her lifeAs accounted by the Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB), it was on June 27, 1880 when Helen Adams Keller, the daughter of Captain Arthur Henley Keller and Kate Adams Keller, got her first glimpse into the world. She was born healthy—with full ability to hear and see—in Tuscumbia, Alabama in the United States.Based on her writing â€Å"The Story of My Life,† Helen at the age of six months could whistle out the words â€Å"How d’ye † followed by the word â€Å"Tea†. She, like any other normal child, was fascinated with the beauty of the surroundings—its colors and the things composing it.She insisted on imitating whatever people around her were doing. Likewise, she enjoyed the music produced by the natural world and the noise by other people. She could learn whatever the child of her age could learn. Helen started to walk a day before she celebrated her first birthday (6).Nonetheless, unlike the other children, her happy days, manifested by her experiences of being able to see and hear, did not last long. The life of the healthy Keller baby, as claimed by RNIB, changed dramatically in February 1882. Helen fell ill with a disease by which the doctor during that time had named as brain fever—an illness which was also assumed to have been a scarlet fever or meningitis.This illness is still a mystery for the medical doctors of today. The sickness of Helen had led the Keller family in bel ieving that their daughter will die. When, eventually, the fever subsided, made the family rejoiced on the possibility that Helen will become well again.After the fever has passed, however, Helen’s mother noticed the changes in her daughter’s behaviors—Helen was failing to react whenever she passed her hand in front of her eyes or she was failing to hear and to respond whenever the dinner bell was rang. Later they realized that the fever—the illness that struck Helen—had left her both blind and deaf.On her account on her life, she mentioned, â€Å"Then, in the dreary month of February, came the illness which closed my eyes and ears and plunged me into the unconsciousness of a new-born baby.†(7) In the young mind of Helen, she realized that something was being taken away from her—her ability to see the colors and hear the noise, again.This discovery gave the family much worry especially during the following years when taking care of He len proved to be very hard for them. She became uncontrollable—her attitude and behavior became reasons for her relatives to regard her as a monster and a bad member of the family. This made them thought that the young Helen should be put into an institution capable of handling a child with such behaviors. When Helen reached the age of six, the family became more problematic on handling her.Though succumbed in the sad situation, the young Helen was been took care of by her mother. As she accounted, her mother gave her a loving wisdom that was bright and good during when she experienced long night. She began to learn some patterns like when to say â€Å"No† or â€Å"Go away.† At the age of five she learned more things beyond the things that she could see and hear.Based on the accounts of RNIB, Kate Keller, Helen’s mother had read a book by Charles Dickens entitled â€Å"American Notes† which entailed the fantastic work done to another deaf and blind child named Laura Bridgman. Because of her love to her daughter, she travelled to a specialist doctor in Baltimore to seek for advice in regards to the situation of Helen—later she learned that Helen would never see and hear again. However, the child could learned and be taught.They were advised to see an expert on the problems regarding deaf children—Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone. Graham Bell pointed that they should write to the director of Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind, Michael Anagnos, and asked for a mentor that would guide and teach the deaf and the blind child. Convinced with the hopes and possibilities that Helen would learn, Michael Anagnos, recommended Anne Sullivan, the Institution’s former student, to be the tutor of Helen.

Dexterity Impairment

Definition: Dexterity Impairment (Arms/Hands/Fingers) Reduced function of arms and hands makes activities related to moving, turning or pressing objects difficult or impossible. This does not influence speech communication itself but makes it hard to make a phone call or use a wide range of other equipment. Big button phones, text-to-speech and other handy products If you have problems with dexterity you don't have to struggle with small buttons or fiddly switches. Many of our phones have features which may help make using them easier.More about Easy grip handsets Handsfree and headset options Large or well-spaced buttons Memory store to reduce the number of times you have to press buttons to make a call Speed dial options so you can store frequently used numbers under dedicated buttons for one touch dialing Pre-dial facility to check the number you have entered is correct before dialing Dedicated 1571 buttons for easy message retrieval. BT Big Button 200 The BT Big Button 200 is our most popular phone, with lots of features to make calling easier.It has large, well spaced buttons ideal for anyone who struggles to see a smaller keypad, easy volume controls, an inductive coupler for use with a hearing aid, and much more. . Simple tips to help with dexterity Keep items you use regularly in places that are easy to reach, perhaps get a cordless phone. Don't use your hands for a long period of time without breaks, you may like to consider a hands free telephone. Consider making adjustments to your home like adding hand rails or lever taps.

montaigne essays

montaigne essays Montaigne in his Apology for Raymond Sebond begins his exploration into the human capacity for knowledge with this belief that only though God can one achieve true knowledge. God is the only infinite, all seeing, being with divine wisdom. He is not subject to the laws and rules of the human domain, and he exists in a realm outside of human comprehension. God is an unchanging, permanent being, and only from this state can the concept of truth propagate. Montaigne believes that the one tie that binds all truth is this idea of permanence. Montaigne even states, Truth must be the same everywhere (xxvi). He insists that the only product of humanity that has withstood the test of time and has not changed since its inception was the Catholic Church. The dogma of the Catholic is categorized as, What has been held always, everywhere by all. The strength in the Catholic faith comes from its static nature, which provides a source of truth for humanity. Catholic truth is in strict conformity with the existence of God, and knowledge can only come from an almighty source. Montaigne goes on to say that, No creature ever is: a creature is always shifting, changing, becoming. Man embodies the idea of impermanence. He is fragmented, does not have divine reasoning abilities, and has a finite amount of time allotted to him. Human reasoning, which creates the concept of knowledge, is in direct confrontation with the qualities of truth. Plato Aristotle, and Sexius Empiricus all conceded the fact that when it comes to the human being, there is no exact standard of truth. All humans view the concept of truth differently, and thus, it can only be associated to an opinion. Like wise a mortal man cannot know everything there is to know about a certain being, or structure or thing. He cannot possibly know the inner workings of such thing only through the use of his senses, he can only for his own opinion...

Health Promotion Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health Promotion Issue - Essay Example One such issue is the issue of smoking among health promoters. This issue is one of the most common issues in health care because it negates the teachings and goals which the health practitioners seek for their patients. Patients who have cardiovascular diseases and respiratory tract diseases may find it hard to take their doctor or nurse seriously if these health professionals advice them to quit smoking. In the end, the credibility of these health promoters is diminished. This paper shall now identify the way in which politics relates to this health promotion issue. In addition, it shall consider one theoretical knowledge base (advocacy) and evaluate the way it relates to practice. This paper is being carried out in order to establish a clear understanding of health promotion and the issues which interfere with it. Discussion Health promoters like nurses, doctors, pharmacists, occupational therapists, and other health professionals have vulnerabilities similar to the general popula tion. Just as the general population can be vulnerable to addictive behaviours and substance abuse, so can health promoters (Ayad, 2010, p. 11). The difference is that these health promoters are fully aware of the dangers that their possible addictions can bring to their body and their overall health condition. Moreover, the fact that these health promoters teach and educate their patients and the general public about applying and implementing healthy habits into their life, makes the addictive behaviours a greater concern (Ayad, 2010, p. 11). For the most part, they are compromising their credibility and believability as health professionals and as health promoters. Statistics in the US indicate that smokers among the health professionals are mostly nurses, with about 8% of nurses being smokers and only 1% of physicians being smokers (Ayad, 2010, p. 11). The fact that some of these health professionals smoke within health facilities makes this issue an even more difficult one to re solve. In the UK, the issue of smoking is more prevalent in the nursing profession, with about 30% of nurses being smokers, as compared to doctors with only about 9% of them being smokers (Nursing Times, 2008). With the above scenario in the health care practice, the issue of health promotion now stems from the credibility of health promoters who are also smokers. The health promotion process among nurses, doctors, and other health professionals can be considered in the wider area of health promotion – in terms of politics and research. Politics, more specifically, legislation and policy-making can help implement wider health promotion standards. In different countries and institutions, no smoking ordinances have been used as a means of promoting better health for the general population. In a study by Fichtenberg and Glantz (2002, p. 325), the authors set out to evaluate the impact of having smoke-free workplaces on smoking employees. This study was able to establish that hav ing totally smoke-free workplaces are linked with the reduced prevalence of smoking among smokers. The combination of decreased ease and convenience by which smokers can indulge their habits is effectively reducing the prevalence of smoking among health promoters. Moreover, smoke-free workplaces help protect non-smokers from the negative effects of passive smoking (Fichtenberg and Glantz, 2002, p. 325). Non-smoking policies in hospitals and in other health care facilities assist in the process of reducing smoking among hea

What is Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. What was their mission, and how Research Paper

What is Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. What was their mission, and how did it influence the whole financial meltdown in 2008 What is going on right now with them - Research Paper Example This in turn, made ownership of affordable housing easily and widely available. The company allows its clients to reinvest their property and assets in order to earn more profit and thus, increase the number of money lenders in the market. Fannie Mae also assisted banks in issuing a greater number of housing loans. Since 1968, Fannie Mae has become a publicly traded organization and has held the monopoly of the mortgage market for as long as thirty years since its inception. In 1970, Fannie Mae acquired a higher status in the market and now got the authority to buy private mortgages. Also, the federal government created the another similar firm, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, more commonly known as Freddie Mac in 1970 with the aim to compete with and thus help improve the standards of Fannie Mae in the market (Kate). The company started its work by buying mortgages in the market, pooling them up and selling them to the investors with a ‘backing security’. This allowed the lending money available in the market to increase and hence, more home purchases to be available for the customers. Together, the two companies brought great and rapid changes to the US economy. They formed a type of liquid market for the mortgages which defined a very important new rule in the market according to which, the financial institutions did not have to hold on to the mortgages and could easily sell them in the market (Peter 18). In this way, the funds of the companies were freed and they could use it to make further additional mortgages. Thus, the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac together had a very positive impact on the business market (Duhigg, Friday). Rates of home ownership were also increased in the country and the companies earned large profits in the mere space of two decades. They raised enough money that allowed them to buy mortgages from a number of varied sources which included both pension and mutual funds and also, the